Sources / Fuentes !

Author, Unknown. Isabel González with her husband Juan Francisco Torres. 24 Mar. 2010. Accessed 27 July 2025.

Boomer, Lee. n.d. "Puerto Rican Citizenship." Women & the American Story. https://wams.nyhistory.org/industry-and-empire/expansion-and-empire/puerto-rican-citizenship/.

.U.S. Supreme Court. 1904. Gonzales v. Williams, 192 U.S. 1 (1904).

New York Times. 2024. "Wayback Machine." Archive.org. 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20120629044911/http://scs.student.virginia.edu/~vjil/PDF/48_660-719.pdf.

Erman, Sam . 2025. "Sam Erman | Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905 | Journal of American Ethnic History, 27.4 | the History Cooperative." Archive.org. 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20080930173240/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jaeh/27.4/erman.html.

New York Times. 1899. "Published Letter to Editor." Wayback Machine PDF Archive. February 22, 1899. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/02/22/102409591.pdf.